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rubric v1.7.0

Utilization rate (lending protocols)

A economic risk factor in the v1.7.0 rubric. Measured per protocol on a c cadence.

Methodology how we score #

**What this measures** This factor records the utilization rate (borrowed amount divided by supplied amount) per market for lending protocols, read from on-chain state. High utilization means most of the supplied capital is actively borrowed and unavailable for withdrawal, increasing the risk of a liquidity crunch if multiple depositors attempt to exit simultaneously. The rate is displayed per market and updated continuously. This factor is not applicable (N/A) for non-lending protocols.

**Why it matters** Utilization rate is a direct measure of withdrawal liquidity risk. When a lending market approaches one hundred percent utilization, new withdrawals become impossible without borrows being repaid first. In stress scenarios (exploit rumors, market crashes, governance failures), depositors often attempt to exit simultaneously, triggering a bank-run dynamic where early withdrawers drain the available liquidity and late withdrawers are locked in. High utilization in a protocol under other risk factors (poor multisig posture, post-audit code changes) is particularly dangerous because depositors cannot exit even if they receive advance warning of an impending exploit.

**Green / Yellow / Red** Green: all major markets below eighty percent utilization under normal conditions, indicating adequate withdrawal liquidity. Yellow: one or more markets between eighty and ninety-five percent utilization, indicating elevated exit risk if stress events coincide. Red: any market above ninety-five percent utilization for more than twenty-four consecutive hours, indicating a bank-run dynamic or liquidity trap is active or imminent.

**Common gray cases** Utilization can spike temporarily during governance-driven borrow campaigns or yield optimization strategies; a single-day spike above the threshold is treated differently from sustained high utilization. Curator should verify whether elevated utilization is structural or transient before scoring.

**Notable historical examples** No cross-hacked incidents currently linked in database for this factor.

Measurement what to look for #

Read the borrowed/supplied ratio per market; flag markets above 95% utilization as at-risk for withdrawal freeze.

Data & output #

Data source
On-chain `getReserveData()` / `markets()` calls via RPC on lending protocol
Output format
Green / Yellow / Red
Evidence artifact
Market address + utilization rate % + block number
Confidence signal
green = all markets <80% utilization; yellow = any market 80–95%; red = any market >95% (withdrawal freeze risk); gray = protocol is not a lending protocol (N/A)

Scored protocols 80 carry this factor #

Protocol RD-F-066
Aave v3 ethereum red Across Protocol ethereum gray Aerodrome Finance base not_applicable Axelar Network ethereum not_applicable Babylon Protocol bitcoin not_applicable Balancer (v2 + v3) ethereum gray Beefy Finance ethereum not_applicable BENQI avalanche green BlackRock USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund (BUIDL) ethereum not_applicable Cap (cUSD / stcUSD) ethereum green Centrifuge ethereum green Chainlink CCIP ethereum not_applicable Circle USYC binance not_applicable Compound V3 (Comet) ethereum green Concrete ethereum not_applicable Convex Finance ethereum not_applicable crvUSD (Curve Stablecoin) ethereum green Curve Finance ethereum not_applicable deBridge ethereum gray Dolomite ethereum yellow dYdX v4 (dYdX Chain) dydx not_applicable EigenLayer ethereum not_applicable Ethena ethereum not_applicable ether.fi ethereum not_applicable Euler V2 ethereum yellow Falcon Finance ethereum not_applicable Fluid ethereum yellow Frax Finance ethereum green GMX v2 (GMX Synthetics) arbitrum gray Hyperlane ethereum not_applicable Hyperliquid arbitrum not_applicable Jito solana not_applicable Jupiter solana green Jupiter Perpetual Exchange solana not_applicable JustLend DAO tron yellow Kamino Lend solana yellow Kinetiq hyperliquid not_applicable Lido ethereum not_applicable Liquid Collective (LsETH) ethereum not_applicable Liquity V1 + V2 (LUSD / BOLD) ethereum green Lista DAO bsc green Lombard Finance ethereum gray M^0 ethereum not_applicable Maple Finance ethereum yellow Marinade Finance solana not_applicable Meteora solana not_applicable mETH Protocol ethereum not_applicable Midas ethereum not_applicable Morpho V1 (Morpho Blue + MetaMorpho) ethereum yellow Multipli ethereum not_applicable Ondo Finance ethereum gray OpenEden ethereum not_applicable Orca solana not_applicable PancakeSwap bsc not_applicable Pendle Finance ethereum not_applicable Polymarket polygon not_applicable QuickSwap polygon not_applicable Raydium solana not_applicable Rocket Pool ethereum not_applicable Sanctum solana not_applicable Save (formerly Solend) solana yellow Sky Lending (formerly MakerDAO) ethereum not_applicable Spark Protocol ethereum green Spiko stellar not_applicable Stake DAO ethereum not_applicable StakeWise v3 ethereum not_applicable Stargate Finance ethereum gray stHYPE (Valantis Labs) hyperliquid not_applicable SUNSwap (sun.io) tron not_applicable Superstate ethereum not_applicable Sushi (SushiSwap) — v2 + v3 + Trident + BentoBox/Kashi + SushiXSwap ethereum not_applicable Symbiotic ethereum not_applicable Synapse Protocol ethereum not_applicable Uniswap (v2 + v3) ethereum not_applicable USDD (Decentralized USD) tron not_applicable Usual (USD0 / bUSD0 / USUAL) ethereum not_applicable Veda (BoringVault) ethereum not_applicable Venus Protocol bsc green Wormhole ethereum not_applicable Yearn Finance ethereum not_applicable

Linked hacks no historical incidents linked #

No historical incidents are linked to this factor.
rubric_version v1.7.0 factor RD-F-066 category 4 carried 80 critical no