defirisk.co
rubric v1.7.0

External keeper/relayer not redundant

Concrete's assessment for RD-F-062 — scored yellow on the v1.7.0 rubric. The evidence below is the curator's reasoning for this score.

Evidence summary #

Concrete's pre-deposit vault system (ctStableUSDT and ctStablefrxUSD vaults on Ethereum, ~$70.5M Stable Network + ~$49.9M Berachain positions) depends on a single LayerZero message-passing path for share claim delivery. PredepostVaultOApp.sol (inherits OAppUpgradeable) calls _lzSend() to transmit claim messages to Stable Network / Berachain. ShareDistributor.sol on destination chains receives via _lzReceive() and distributes shares. No secondary messaging path confirmed. If the LayerZero endpoint becomes unavailable, fees cannot be paid, or the OApp is misconfigured, ~$120M in pre-deposit/destination assets cannot complete claim delivery. The Stable vault docs confirm the burn-and-mint claim process but do not describe fallback mechanisms.

Sources #

  • GitHub
    ShareDistributor.sol — destination-chain LayerZero receiversrc/periphery/predeposit/ShareDistributor.sol — inherits OAppUpgradeable; _lzReceive() processes MSG_TYPE_CLAIM and MSG_TYPE_BATCH_CLAIM; transfers shares to usersretrieved 2026-05-17
  • Docs
    Concrete Stable Vaults documentationdocs.concrete.xyz/Vaults/Stable/stable-vaults/ — 'claim your vault shares on Stable, which burns your existing vault shares on Ethereum L1 and mints the same number of new shares on the Stable Network' — confirms single-path cross-chain mechanismretrieved 2026-05-17
  • GitHub
    PredepostVaultOApp.sol — LayerZero OApp sourcesrc/periphery/predeposit/PredepostVaultOApp.sol — inherits OAppUpgradeable; send() calls _lzSend() to LayerZero endpoint; _lzReceive() deliberately reverts (unidirectional send-only OApp)retrieved 2026-05-17

Methodology #

Determine whether the protocol depends on a single keeper or relayer (Gelato, Chainlink Automation, custom) with no redundancy or failover.

See the full factor methodology and distribution across all protocols →

rubric_version v1.7.0 protocol concrete factor RD-F-062 score yellow collected_at 2026-05-17 14:36:59