★ Flash-loanable voting weight

Usual (USD0 / bUSD0 / USUAL)'s assessment for RD-F-036 — scored green on the v1.7.0 rubric. The evidence below is the curator's reasoning for this score.

Evidence summary #

USUAL token does NOT implement ERC20Votes checkpoints (confirmed: ERC20PermitUpgradeable only, no delegate() or getPastVotes()). Snapshot governance is off-chain and block-snapshot-based by design — cannot be manipulated by same-block flash loans. No on-chain governor exists (cache: governor_address = null).

Sources #

Etherscan
USUAL token implementation — no ERC20VotesUSUAL impl 0x2B65F9... — ERC20PermitUpgradeable, ERC20PausableUpgradeable; no ERC20Votes, no delegate(), no getPastVotes()retrieved 2026-05-17
Internal
Usual data cache — no on-chain governor00-data-cache.json: governance.governor_address = null; governance.type = snapshot_onlyretrieved 2026-05-17

Methodology #

Determine whether governance voting power is a function of current token balance of a transferable token with no lock or checkpoint, making it flash-loan susceptible.

See the full factor methodology and distribution across all protocols →

rubric_version v1.7.0 protocol usual factor RD-F-036 score green collected_at 2026-05-16 20:39:44