Bridge tracks nonce-consumed mapping
Usual (USD0 / bUSD0 / USUAL)'s assessment for RD-F-153 — scored green on the v1.7.0 rubric. The evidence below is the curator's reasoning for this score.
Evidence summary #
LayerZero V2 Endpoint tracks message nonces internally at the protocol level. OFT adapter inherits this — messages cannot be replayed because the endpoint marks nonces as executed. This is a LayerZero protocol-level guarantee. The KelpDAO attack used a synthetic (new) message, not a replay — nonce tracking still functioned correctly.
Sources #
- EtherscanLayerZero Endpoint V2 — EtherscanLayerZero Endpoint V2 at 0x1a44076050125825900e736c501f859c50fe728c — protocol-level nonce tracking standard in LZ V2retrieved 2026-05-17
- Blockaid — KelpDAO DVN AnalysisBlockaid KelpDAO analysis: 'No corresponding source transaction exists on Unichain. The message was entirely synthetic; fabricated off-chain.' — confirms nonce tracking still worked; attack was via synthetic message not replayretrieved 2026-05-17
Methodology #
Determine whether the bridge inbox maintains a nonce-consumed mapping and rejects replay of used nonces.
See the full factor methodology and distribution across all protocols →
rubric_version v1.7.0 protocol usual factor RD-F-153 score green collected_at 2026-05-16 20:39:44